Not sure how to better describe it.
But let's say you've made an adjustment layer (Hues & Saturation or Levels for example), done some twiddling, moved on etc.
Later, let's say you've had second thoughts and didn't save a copy before the adjustment. I see these possibilities (assuming it's not been flattened):
1) Delete the layer and re-do another.
2) Adjust the layer's opacity, which doesn't address the issue probably.
3) Bring up the layer's adjustment dialog box again --- but now all the sliders are back to the middle.
It's the last one I don't understand. If you're looking at a layer, and you know adjustments have been made, why does bringing back that layer's adjustment dialog box again not reveal what's been done? In other words why are the previous changes now the starting point?